evaluating reconstruction quizletevaluating reconstruction quizlet

The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` 436 0 obj <>stream Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Also, this page requires javascript. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems In the Senate? hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. It was known as the 10% Plan. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. The Aftermath After American Civil War: The Result of - Evaluating Reconstruction - Evaluating Reconstruction - Course Why of why not? The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya They were more familiar with the places where most battles occured. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream Who were the Exodusters? A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. *SY(u% 9 0 While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. blacks could vote and hold office. The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. 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Ex. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. %PDF-1.5 % The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF 75RockiCr ? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. endstream endobj startxref What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Fear of black rule. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. What tactic was used? This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. 2. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. endstream endobj startxref President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. Print out all material from the Text Documents, and make the appropriate number of copies for the students. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. Which plan was the hardest on the South? _ Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. 109 0 obj <> endobj Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. corruption did not come to an end. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. Once you are finished, click the button below. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The WadeDavis Bill was proposed by the Radical Republicans who sought to punish the South for their rebellion and to reinforce the expectation of loyalty and obedience to the federal government. Johnson versus Congress. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. What happened to white small farmers during this time? Describe the agriculture system of the New South. In addition to racial animosityand possibly a factor that fed into that animosity as it was exploited by demagogueswas the rule of ineffective and inexperienced state and local politicians in the wake of Southern defeat. hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. and any corresponding bookmarks? Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` (southern Democrats). The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. Congressmen? Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p %PDF-1.5 % After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. Only in South Carolina. This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. still conservative Republicans. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. HUj@}WDn! It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. Question 4 No. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. Question 11 30 seconds Q. What were some of the accomplishments of the Reconstruction legislatures? ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg Reconstruction Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. no, although many blacks stopped participating. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Reconstruction Quiz Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. The Radical. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. CAm? Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. %%EOF WebWhat is Reconstruction? Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. pF{:RTV Chapter 16 Review Quiz | American History Quiz - Quizizz The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Who had been his early political supporters? Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. While much progress could be seen in things like the exponential growth of railroads, even an optimistic reading of these barometers had to be tempered by an acknowledgement that doubling track mileage does not amount to much when the starting point was so low. 2. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# 414 0 obj <> endobj Who did the states and congress give free land to? If loading fails, click here to try again. Reconstruction in Practice. Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. Who was the Republican leader in the House?