deities associated with centipedesdeities associated with centipedes

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, XXV. National Commission on Culture and the Arts. Design courtesy Andi Mancuso Studios. Jocano, F. L. (2000). Ateneo de Manila University. Budge, E Wallis (1904) The Gods of the Egyptians, Faulkner Raymond (2000) The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by DayPinch, Geraldine (2002) Handbook Egyptian Mythology, Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003) The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. They are often depicted with dragon-like features. The Gods and Goddesses. Boxer Codex: Edicin moderna. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. The legend states that the Mayura was created from the feathers of Garuda, another semi-divine birds of Hindu culture. Ateneo University Press, 1994. "The Ma-aram in a Kiniray-a Society." (1917). un pequeo fragmento inedito en verso. Plasencia, Juan de (1589). It could be inferred that Cent Routledge, 2017. Benedict, L. W. (1916). (I have a strange sense of what constitutes a good idea.). That means I feel pretty good about offering meats and/or cheeses to Sepa, but not fruits, and not really sweets (which are frequently grain-based). Centipede Animal Facts - AZ Animals The Tale of a Philippine Gomorrah. Chaosmology: Shamanism and personhood among the Bugkalot. 1/2, Philippine Cultural Minorities II: Mangyan Folklore. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. deities associated with centipedes - isgho-sup.com POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2016). Lulu.com, 2016. Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. 1: The Lumawig Bontoc Myths. Supporting Sanctuaries for All Living Creatures. Capital Publishing House, 1989. Malay, P. C. (1957). Eugenio, Damiana L. (1993). Their favorite prey is small insects, including beetles, termites, beetle larvae, and earthworms. Manila. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Centennial Crossings: Readings on Babaylan Feminism in the Philippines. CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines, Kalinga to Yakan. San Agustin Museum. Philippine Myths, Legends, and Folktales. Superstitions and beliefs of the Filipinos. North Atlantic Books. 1/4: Causality, Power, and Cultural Traits of the Maguindanao. 6, No. Incorporate the earthworm into your magical workings. Bibliography:Budge, E Wallis (1904) The Gods of the EgyptiansFaulkner Raymond (2000) The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by DayMark, Joshua J. Stacey, N. (2007). Page 280. Page 13. Saway, V. L. The Talaandig. Historical and Cultural Data of Provinces. The centipede god Sepa is attested from the Old Kingdom right through to the Greco-Roman Period. Kurita: an amphibious animal with several limbs and lived on land and sea; haunts Mount Kabalalan, and slayed by Rajah Solayman; Tarabusar: a humongous human-like creature who lived in Mount Matutum; slayed by Rajah Solayman, Pah: a bird of prey as big as a house and whose wings caused darkness on the ground; lives in Mount Bita and slayed by Rajah Solayman at Mount Gurayn, Monster of Mount Gurayn: a seven-headed monster at Mount Gurayn, who was slayed by Rajah Indarapatra, Wife of Rajah Indarapatra: daughter of a local ruler who hid in a cave due to the number of monsters in Maguindanao; married to Rajah Indarapatra and gave birth to their children; they were entrusted to her father, the local ruler, after Rajah Indarapatra returned to Mantapoli, Tohan: the supreme deity who is perfect, having no defect; can cause and stop earthquakes and pestilence; later also called as Allah by Muslim converts, Sun Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a flaming young man; angels serve as his charioteers, Moon Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a beautiful young woman; angels serve as her charioteers, Jinn: beings who live in the atmosphere which serves as a buffer zone between the skyworld and the earth, called Oraonan a Lantoy, known for possessing a garden of flowers and vegetables, Walain sa Letingan: the princess-goddess living in a skyworld region called Magoyeda a Selegen, Papanok sa Aras: children who died prematurely and were transformed into birds of paradise living in the skyworld region called Sorga, Houris: heavenly maidens blessed with eternal beauty and perpetual virginity, Lumpong: a large animal who carries the earth; accompanied by a small shrimp that sometimes claws on the earth-holder from time to time, causing the phenomena of earthquakes, Sakar: a monster in the underworld where disrespectful children are trapped in its belly, Walain Katolosan: the goddess who owns the amulet Sikag a Makaombaw, Tonong: divine spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm, Apo: benign tornado and waterspout spirits; a classification of tonong; they are the ancestral spirits tasked to kill or drive away evil spirits, Sakit: maligant harmful spirits responsible for diseases; a classification of tonong, Saitan: malignant possessing spirits; a classification of tonong, Inikadowa: the benign spirit double or guardian of a person, who is with the person when the baby is born; a classification of tonong; the placenta is their manifestation, Tolos: a class of tonong who inhabit the sky realms; prayed to, especially in times of battle and protection for quests; referred to as gods, Pinatola a Tonong: the ancestor of all unseen benevolent spirits; a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile at sea, a garuda in air, and a giant on land; a guardian spirit of Diwata Ndaw Gibon, Pinatoli i Kilid: a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile; the guardian spirit of the king of Bemberan, Diwata Ndaw Gibon; clashed with Ladalad a Madali, grandson of Gibon; later gave valuable information to Madali; during the battle of Madali and Pirimbingan, Madali was aided by Pinatoli i Kilid against Pirimbingan's spirit guardian, Magolaing sa Ragat, Magolaing sa Ragat: a tonong of the enchantress Walain Pirimbangan; took the form of a gigantic crocodile, Sikag a Makaombaw: the intelligent and independent tonong (spirit) living within the Sikag a Makaombaw amulet, regarded as the most powerful amulet of all due to its ability to grant its wielder authority over all tonong, Salindagaw Masingir: a tonong of the hero Awilawil o Ndaw; acts as the guardian-spirit of the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Walain sa Lekepen: a goddess courted by the hero Bantogen, Diwata ko sa Magaw: spirit of destruction; a tolos or deity, Minoaw a Minepen: powerful spirit of the sky; a tolos or deity, Naga: dragons who repel evil spirits; a specific huge Naga is said to encircle the world, Arimaonga: a giant lion who causes lunar eclipses, Gabriel: an angel who reported to the supreme deity the overpopulation of the kingdom of Mantapoli, which resulted in its transfer and the creation of Lake Lanao, Malakal Maut: the angel of death; takes the souls of someone after three to seven days from the falling of the person's leaf from the sacred Sadiarathul Montaha tree in the realm called Sorga; appears either a handsome prince or a grotesque monsters, depending if the soul he is getting comed from a sinner or a virtuous person; punishes the souls of sinners until final judgment, while lifting up the souls of the good onto heaven, Tonong of Lake Lanao: there are many tonong of Lake Lanao, who are invoked during certain rituals such as the kashawing rice ritual, Aya Diwata Mokom sa Kaadiong a Lopa: father of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-tonong and a half-human, Daromoyod an Olan: mother of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-jinn and a half-human, Rulers of the Three Main Kingdoms from the Darangen: all three are siblings, Diwata Ndaw Gibon: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Iliyan a Bembaran, which was a favord abode of the tonong; had two sons with his head-wife Aya Panganay Bai, and a total of five daughters from five other wives, Awilawil o Ndaw: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Dalondong a Mimbantas: a semi-divine hero ruled the kingdom of Gindolongan Marogong, which possessed the enchanted river Pagayawan that refuses to flow without the presence of thunder, Aya Panganay Bai: married to Diwata Ndaw Gibon, who she has two sons; came from a place known as Minangoaw a Ronong, Tominaman sa Rogong: firstborn son of Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; succeeded his father as ruler of Iliyan a Bembaran, Magondaya Boisan: secondborn son Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; expanded the kingdom of Bembaran together with his brother-king, Tominaman sa Rogong, Pasandalan a Rogong: son of Tominaman sa Rogong, Bantogen: son of Tominaman sa Rogong; he courted the goddess Walain sa Lekepen, and was assumed missing by his people, leading to a search journey; returned with Madali to their kingdom, Ladalad a Madali: son of Magondaya Boisan; went into a journey to rescue his cousin Bantugen, and all those who first came to find Bantugen; can become invisible with the aided of his guardian spirits; aided by his grandfather's guardian spirit Pinatoli i Kilid who clashed with the Walain Pirimbangan's guardian spirit; shapeshifted into a woman to take the amulet of the goddess Walain Katolosan, foiling the plan of Pirimbangan, Walain Pirimbangan: an enchantress from Danalima a Rogong who imprisoned Bantugen and all the leaders of Bembaran who rescued him; aided by her guardian spirit, Magolaing sa Ragat, Maharadia Lawana: a man with eight heads who was banished for his bad mouth; tried to kill himself, but failed upon the intervention of the angel Gabriel, Kapmadali: a hero who battled Pinatola a Tonong, Pilandok: a cunning man who tricked various people from a blind man to a kingdom's ruler. Scents and deities University of Manila., 1958. He was honoured with a festival from the Old Kingdom onward, and had a temple dedicated to him in Heliopolis. I am Osiris, for whom his father and mother sealed an agreement on that day of carrying out the great slaughter; Geb is my father and Nut is my mother, I am Horus the Elder on the Day of Accession, I am Anubis of Sepa, I am the Lord of. Letter to Gregory XIII. JATI: Jurnal Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial, Nimfa L. Bracamonte, N. L. (2005). Philippine Sociological Society. Watch a caterpillar, inching along. Fansler, D. S. (1921). Anubis: Mythology Of The Enigmatic Egyptian Jackal God Datu Mangal: father of Lapulapu in most versions of the story and ruler of Mactan before Lapulapu; Matang Mataunas: mother of Lapulapu; in another tale, the mother of Lapulapu is instead named Matang Matana; Malingin: daughter of Datu Mangal and sister of Lapulapu, Sri Mohammed: paternal grandfather of Lapulapu in one tale, Bali-Alho: chief of Bo. University of the Philippines Press, 1993. University of San Carlos. Baugio City: Private. deities associated with centipedes Asian Studies. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volumes 5-6. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. WebThe centipede god Sepa is attested from the Old Kingdom right through to the Greco-Roman Period. The T'boli Creation Myth and Religion. NewCAPP (2014). Maribago; can break pestles with his bare hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu Mangal, Tindak-Bukid: chief of Bo. When the LordJesus Christwas currently hanging on the cross, they came to be baptized, but it did not happen because at that time our Lord Jesus breathed his last. Sulod Society. When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. A List of 5 Deities That are Associated with Crows [With Stories] Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. Page 12. Barton, R. F. (1955, December). T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. The Japanese myths and woodblock art behind Sekiros creatures Encyclopedia of Giants and Humanoids in Myth, Legend and Folklore. Filipino Heritage, I, 15. Dutton & Co., Inc. Lutero, C. D. (1986). Let's start small. Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Outline of Philippine Mythology. Seki, K. (2001). Arnaiz, V. C. (2014). Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. Philippine Daily Inquirer. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was also considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. Monier-Williams, Monier (1872). WebNemty - Falcon god, worshipped in Middle Egypt, who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods. Ateneo de Manila University. Some (unverified) online sites suggest that Sepa is associated with fertility for one or both of these two reasons: centipedes follow along after earthworms, which fertilize the soil as they pass; and Sepa has been depicted with the head of a donkey, linking Him to donkey manure used in fertilization of the fields. Whats really interesting, though, is when you take a look to look at the smaller critters and creatures that are around, and their magical associations specifically, insects. Page 361. Quezon City: U.P. Tengu. Fox, R. B. Isneg Tales. Peraren, A. Indiana University. Manila. Philippine Ethnographic Series. Ramirez y Giraudier, 1860. Some deities of ethnic groups have similar names or associations, but remain distinct from one another. Marsden, William (1784). Socio-cultural History of Mamanwa Adaptations of Community in Sitio Palayan, Barangay Caucab, Almeria Biliran. Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs. Theyre determined little creatures, who spend their entire existence preparing to be something else. It is referred to in a number of Hindu scriptures. To Love and to Suffer: The Development of the Religious Congregations for Women in the Spanish Philippines, 1565-1898. (1999). Numbers and Units in Old Tagalog. Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los. Contrasting landscapes, conflicting ontologies. (1983). 1978. Wisdom from a Rainforest: The Spiritual Journey of an Anthropologist. Metiatil: married to the hero Lageay Lengkuos; Lageay Lengkuos: the greatest of heroes and a shaman (beliyan) who made the earth and forests; the only one who could pass the magnet stone in the straight between the big and little oceans; inverted the directions where east became west, inverted the path of the sun, and made the water into land and land into water; Matelegu Ferendam: son of Lageay Lengkuos and Metiatil, although in some tales, he was instead birthed by Metiatil's necklace, Tafay Lalawan, instead, Lageay Seboten: a poor breechcloth-wearing culture hero who carried a basket of camote and followed by his pregnant wife; made a sacred pilgrimage to Tulus, and awaits the arrival of a Teduray who would lead his people, Mo-Sugala: father of Legeay Seboten who did not follow his son; loved to hunt with his dogs, and became a man-eater living in a cave, Saitan: evil spirits brought by foreign priests, Guru: leader of the Bolbol, a group of humans who can change into birds or whose spirits can fly at night to hunt humans, Damangias: a spirit who would test righteous people by playing tricks on them. Blaan Folk Literature. Scott, William Henry (1994).Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. Historical Conservation Society. Kayamanan: MaiPanoramas of Philippine Primeval. Benedict, L. W. (1913). 1986. She sometimes acted as a judge in human affairs. Rahmann, R. (1974). Protection from snake and scorpion bites is not to be taken lightly. London: Berghahn. Some Aspects of Filipino Vernacular Literature, 292293. Noval-Morales, D. Y. Storch, Tanya (2017).Religions and Missionaries around the Pacific, 15001900. In some areas, the caterpillar is associated with magical wisdom take, for instance, the hookah-smoking caterpillar in Lewis Carrolls Alice tales, who offers deep thoughts while indulging his habit. Liddum: the only deity who inhabits the realm called Kabunian; communicates directly with humans on earth; Lumadab: has the power to dry up the rice leaves, one of the eleven beings importuned to stamp out rice pests, Mamiyo: the stretcher of skeins, one of the twenty-three deities presiding over the art of weaving, Monlolot: the winder of thread on the spindle, one of the twenty-three deities presiding over the art of weaving, Yogyog: a causer of earthquakes; dwells in the underworld, Alyog: a causer of earthquakes; dwells in the underworld, Makalun: spirits that serve the function as messengers of the gods, Namtogan: the paraplegic god of good fortune whose presence made rice harvests and community livestock bountiful; when the humans he was staying with at Ahin began neglecting the. Kaptan: the supreme god and sky god who fought against Magauayan for eons until Manaul intervened; ruler of the skyworld called Kahilwayan; controls the wind and lightning; Maguayan: the god who rules of the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of Kaptan, Dalagan: the swiftest winged giant, armed with long spears and sharp swords, Guidala: the bravest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords, Sinogo: the handsomest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords; best loved by Kaptan but betrayed his master and was imprisoned under the sea, Maguyaen: the goddess of the winds of the sea, Magauayan: fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervened, Manaul: the great bird who dropped great rocks upon the battle of Kaptan and Magauayan, creating islands, Lidagat: the sea married to the wind; daughter of Maguayan, Lihangin: the wind married to the sea; son of Kaptan, Licalibutan: the rock-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; inherited the control of the wind from his father; initiated the revolt against one of his grandfathers, Kaptan; killed by Kaptan's rage; his body became the earth, Liadlao: the gold-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the sun, Libulan: the copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the moon, Lisuga: the silver-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; accidentally killed by Kaptan's rage during her brothers' revolt; her body fragments became the stars, Adlaw: the sun deity worshiped by the good, Bulan: the moon deity who gives light to sinners and guides them in the night, Makilum-sa-twan: the god of plains and valleys, Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the god of streams, Suklang-malaon: the goddess of happy homes, Maka-ako: also called Laon; the creator of the universe, Makabosog: a deified chieftain who provides food for the hungry, Sidapa: the goddess of death; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Makaptan, Makaptan: the god of sickness; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Sidapa; he is a brother of Magyan and Sumpoy, Danapolay: the god who supervises the other deities who answer to Sidapa and Makaptan, Sappia: the goddess of mercy originating from the island of Bohol who empties the milk from her breasts onto weeds, giving the origin of white rice; when milk ran out, blood came out from her breast, giving the origin of red rice, Tan Mulong: guardian of a spirit cave where souls may be imprisoned; has a spirit dog with one mammary gland and two genitals. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. He was sometimes given the head of a donkey, possibly to reflect the fact that donkey manure was used to improve the fertility of soil. Apayao Life and Legends. Ever since, Japanese art and literature has built upon this legacy of monsters, demons, gods and animal spirits, especially in Japanese woodblock printing. POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2013). Species listing, distribution, and molecular identification of macrofungi in six Aeta tribal communities in Central Luzon, Philippines. Centipedes were seen following earthworms which improved the fertility of soil, leading to Sepas association with fertility. SPAFA Digest. Novellino, D. (2003). The Oral Literature of Capiz. "'Women are not brave enough' Semelai male midwives in the context of Southeast Asian cultures". Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting; Dadanhayan ha Sugay: the evil lord from whom permission is asked; depicted as the evil deity with a human body and ten heads that continuously drools sticky saliva, which is the source of all waters; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting, Agtayabun: the adviser and peace maker deity with a hawk-like head, wings, and a human body; tempers the heads of Diwata na Magbabaya and Dadanhayan ha Sugay whenever the two argue; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting, where he holds the other two in a suspending fashion, while maintaining the balanace of Banting; the beating of his wings produce the wind, Incantus: six of the seven original figures initially created by the three supreme deities; became guardian spirits and divinities when they were finished by Dadanhayan ha Sugay; they are both good and evil, but they take care of nature and will give its fruits if given respect through offerings; if offended, they can send droughts, flood, pestilence, or sickness, Ibabagsuk: take care of nature and grow plants, Bulalakaw: guards the water and all the creatures living in it, Mamahandi: guards over the material wealth that men acquire, First Human: one of the seven original figures created by the three supreme deities; became the first human when finished by Diwata na Magbabaya; endowed with intelligence, and entrusted with the Haldan ta Paraiso, Magbabaya (general): general term for the gods of the universe living at the points where the world's concavities meet; usually referred simply to the supreme deity named Diwata na Magbabaya, Intumbangol: a pair of serpent deities who support the earth from the underworld; one is male, the other female; their movement causes earthquakes, their breathing causes winds, and their panting causes violent storms, Miyaw-Biyaw: the deity who breathes the makatu (soul) into humans at birth, Andalapit: leads the soul from the banquet in Kumbirahan into the foot of Mount Balatucan, where the gods of the seas are assembled to judge the soul, Mangilala: god of temptation that haunts the seventh tier of the underworld; brother of Magbabaya, who he aided in the creation of humans, although when Mangilala breathed into the figures, humans became tempted to evil things, Pamahandi: protector of carabaos and horses, Camiguin: a mountain goddess who lived peacefully until the noisy kalaw disturbed her; sank and established Lake Mainit, and rose to sea, moving westward until she became the island of Camiguin, Python of Pusod Hu Dagat: the gigantic python living at the center of the sea; caused a massive flood when it coiled its body at sea, Tuluyan: son of Agyu, who gave him the source of traditional authority called Takalub, composed of the boar-tusk bracelet Baklaw and the black stick Gilling, which gave its owner Kalaki (talent and power) to settle disputes, Gahemen: a widow who survived the flood caused by the Python of Pusod Hu Dagat, Teheban: son of Gahemen after the great flood caused by the Python of Pusod Hu Dagat, Pabulusen: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people became keepers of power, A-ayawa-en: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people became keepers of religious customs, Tataun-en: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people often experienced hunger, Bala-ol: brother of Mampolompon; survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Mampolompon: brother of Bala-ol; survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Tibolon: survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Managdau: survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Diwata: became a friend of the carpenter, David, Limokan: a pigeon who when cooed at, ensures a bountiful harvest, Datu Indulum: formulated the laws of Mt. Pardo, F. (16861688). Sepa, Centipede God. Jocano, F. L. (1958). Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). The Manobos of Mindanao. "Sibod in Binanog: Understanding the Binanog Tradition of the Panay Bukidnon in Western Visayas." An Encyclopedia of Shamanism Volume 1, Volume 1. What they did was just wander out into the world, and be God's watchmen: The following five spirits were not baptized and did not accept the calling. The Fall of the Babaylan. Datu na Gyadsal: the chief adversary, who was also later called as Satan by Muslim converts; Spirit of the Rainbow: a spirit who may cut the finger of those who use their index finger to point at the rainbow, Bantugen: an epic hero-god and the god of forefathers who the masses look up to and trust, Apo: anestral spirits who take the role of intermediaries who overcome evil spirits, Pagari: also called Inikadowa, the twin-spirit who is sometimes in the form of a crocodile; if a person is possessed by them, the person will attain the gift of healing, Tarabusao: a half-man, half-horse giant monster who rules Mindanao and feasted on male human flesh, which caused many to escape into the island of Mantapuli; beheaded by Skander, Skander: the ruler of Mantapuli and an epic hero who went on a quest to slay the monster Tarabusao, Bai Labi Mapanda: the fairest lady of Mantapuli who is married to Skander, Kalanganan Kapre: a good giant who provided the people of Kalanganan I with security, guarding them against bad elements; eventually left Kalanganan when his home near the Pulangi river was cut down due to a surge in human population, Rajah Indarapatra: brother of Rajah Solayman; gave his ring and sword called Jurul Pakal to his brother, who went on a quest to defeat the monsters in Maguindanao; also planted a tree which would only die if Rajah Solayman dies; searched for his brother, who he revived using heaven-sent waters at Mount Gurayn; he afterwards went into his own quest, where he slayed a seven-headed monster; he eventually returned to Mantapoli, Rajah Solayman: brother of Rajah Indarapatra; went on a quest to defeat various monsters; slayed Kurita, Tarabusar, and Pah, but died when Pah's weight crushed him; revived when Rajah Indarapatra poured heaven-sent waters onto his bones, where afterwards, Rajah Solayman returned to Mantapoli. Deity, spirit, and hero figures continue to be viewed as important and existing among native faiths and the general Filipino culture. English Translation published by University of Michigan. Matan-ayon: mother of Nagmalitung Yawa; thinking that Humadapnon has died, makes Nagmalitung Yawa pregnant to compel to her marriage with the revived Paglambuhan; Humadapnon later kills the couple, but is reunited with the revived Nagmalitung Yawa; Dumalapdap: an epic hero; brother of Labaw Donggon, Tikim Kadlum: an enchanted dog that rouses the ire of the monster Makabagting, Amburukay: married to Labaw Donggon after she consented her golden pubic hair to be used in Labaw Donggon's kudyapi, Pahagunon: an underworld being who abducts one of Labaw Donggon's wife, Ayon, Ayon: abducted by Pahagunon after Labaw Donggon transformed into a sea turtle, Giant Crab Master: a master who has a giant crab follower, who aids in the abduction of one of Labaw Donggon's wives; his loyal crab can transform into an island with betel-nut trees, Sanagnayan: a being whose life-force is in an egg in a lion's heart; the sister of Matan-ayon is rescued by Labaw Donggon from Sanagnayan, Balanakon: prevented by the god of the sky from sailing into Labaw Donggon's territory, resulting in a long-drawn battle, Tungkung Langit: the supreme deity and the most powerful male Diwata; he is of unknown origin, coming from somewhere foreign to the other beings of the Sulod pantheon, Bangun Bangun: the deity of universal time who regulates cosmic movements, Pahulangkug: the deity who changes the seasons, Ribung Linti: the deity of lightning and thunderstorms, Sumalongsong: the deity of the rivers and seas, Munsad Burulakaw: the deity who has direct power over men; most respected and feared in the upperworld, Bayi: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things; caught the primordial earthworm and gave birth to the wild animals that inhabit the earth, Laki: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things, Primordial Earthworm: an ancient earthworm who excreted the earth after it was caught by the primordial giantess, Bayi, The Three Brothers Watching Over the Soul, Mangganghaw: keeps track over man's affairs immediately after marriage; keeps track of pregnancy; he is the first to come to the house of a laboring mother, peeping in the houses to see the child being born, which he then reports to Manglaegas, Manglaegas: enters the house to look for the child to make sure the infant was born alive, then reports to Patag'aes, Patag'aes: awaits until midnight then enters the house to have a conversation with the living infant; if he discovers someone is eavesdropping, he will choke the child to death; their conversation creates the fate of the child, on how long the child wants to live and how the child will eventually die, where the child will always get to choose the answers; once done, Patag'aes takes out his measuring stick, computes the child's life span, and then departs, sealing the child's fate, Bangla'e: ferries the souls across Lim'awaen, a deep lake in the underworld; asks the soul how many spouses it had on earth, where the soul is ferried and talked to differently, depending on the answer and the gender of the soul; the soul cannot lie to Bangla'e, as he will summon the tuma, a body louse and the incarnation of the soul's conscience, Unnamed God: another god that asks questions to the soul, Balagu: guards the bridge of a stream called Himbarawen; asks the same question as Bangla'e to the soul, Diwata ng Kagubatan: goddess of the forest honored on top of Mount Caimana in Cuyo island, Neguno: the god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark.